Format Frame of SONET

Formula = bytes x frame/sec x bits
                 = ____ bps

Learn more about : SONET vs SDH 📖🌸

SONET / SDH RATES- topic 2

SYNCHRONOUS Digital Hierarchy (SDH STM-1 frame format) topic 2

• MSOH: Multiplex Section Overhead
• RSOH: Regeneration Section Overhead

The STM-1 base frame is structured with the following characteristics:

• Length: 270 column × 9 row = 2430 bytes
• Byte: 1-byte = 8 bit
• Duration (Frame repetition time): 125 μs i.e. 8000 frame/s
• Rate (Frame capacity): 2430 × 8 × 8000 = 155.5200 Mbit/s

The STM-1 frame is on the basic transmission format for SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy). A STM-1 frame has a byte-oriented structure with 9 rows and 270 columns of bytes, for a total of 2,430 bytes (9 rows * 270 columns = 2430 bytes). Each byte corresponds to a 64kbit/s channel.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

1) TDM is a digital multiplexing technique for combining several low-rate channel into one high-rate channel.

2) Example of TDM

3) Pulse Code Modulation

SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY (SDH) - topic 2 telephony

• SDH is European standard for synchronous transmission over a fiber optic network
• SDH stands for synchronous Digital Hierarchy
• Standardized multiplexing protocol that transfer multiple digital data over fiber optic channels
• SDH is the international version of the standard published by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 
• Synchronous Transport Module (STM)  is the base signal of synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) protocol 
• The base transmission rate of SDH protocol is 155.52Mbit/s and this transmission rate is designated as STM-1